Since its inception in 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope has provided the scientific community with some of the richest and most detailed images of our universe. Many of these were obtained from 2003-2004 in the Fornax constellation. The region, known as the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF), contains about 10,000 galaxies that appeared 13 billion years ago. Recently, several astronomers have measured the distances and properties of 1,600 galaxies in this region.
With the help of MUSE, (Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer), scientists have also detected 72 new galaxies, apart from analyzing in detail the 1,600 galaxies, wrote Universe Today.
HUDF images, first published in 2004, were an important step in cosmology and astronomy at that time. Since the galaxies were dated less than a billion years after the formation of the Universe, they are extremely essential in understanding how galaxies are formed and also in illustrating a better image of the Big Bang.
Since then, Hubble and other telescopes have analyzed this portion of the sky. One of these telescopes is VLT, located in Chile, which even allowed the discovery of 72 new galaxies. Moreover, the unprecedented achievement of researchers at CRAL and NCSR (National Center for Scientific Research) and other institutes also consists of ten studies that analyze in detail the 1,600 HUDF galaxies.
Another major discovery is the systematic detection of hydrogen haloes around the galaxies at the beginning of the Universe. This discovery can help astronomers find new ways to study how the material circulated inside and outside of the galaxy.